Phytochemical analysis and in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities of Cordia myxa extracts

Food Science and Human Wellness

10.55730/1300-011X.3256

Cordia myxa is found in tropical regions of Pakistan, where it is commonly known as lasura. This study aimed to assess the

preliminary results of phytochemical analysis and the pharmacological activities of C. myxa. After pulverizing the fresh plant, extracts were prepared using different solvents, including aqueous, methanol, ethanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts. These extracts were examined for total phenolic contents using standard biochemical tests and high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array. In further evaluations, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, hen’s egg test on chorioallantoic membrane (HETCAM) assay, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, and antidiabetic activities were monitored. Using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, antioxidant potential was determined and maximum potential was observed in ethanol extracts. Antibacterial effects were confirmed through the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentrations were recorded against selected strains (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). In ovo antiviral activity of a viral inoculum (IBV or H9N2) was determined through hemagglutination testing and it was concluded that nearly all of the C. myxa extracts exhibited significant effects against the selected pathogenic strains of viruses and bacteria. To evaluate the toxicology, the HET-CAM assay was performed, revealing that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts are nonirritating. The dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts were found to be the most effective in terms of in vivo pharmacological activities and antiinflammatory, antipyretic, and antidiabetic activities. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that C. myxa possesses substantial therapeutic potential and may serve as a valuable source of economical and efficacious alternative medicine.